注釋（第3/13頁）
[24] 修昔底德與現代醫學，參見Price, Thucydides and Internal War, 14 –18, 以及他對“黨爭”與雅典瘟疫的敘述分析 (2.47–58), 參見Orwin, “Stasis and Plague”。
[25] Thucydides, Eight Bookes of the Peloponnesian Warre, trans. Hobbes, 198, 199(i.e., pp. 188, 189). 有關“黨爭”的語言歷史，參見Loraux, “Thucydide et la sédition dans les mots”。
[26] Thucydides, War of the Peloponnesians and the Athenians 3.74, trans. Mynott,208.
[27] 我非常感謝Richard Thomas強調了關於內戰的空間維度這一重要觀點，來與“黨爭”對比。
[28] Thomas De Quincey, “[‘Greece Under the Romans,’ draft]” ( Jan.–March 1844), in Works of Thomas De Quincey, 15:539 (foot-note). 感謝Jennifer Pitts在我寫作這個段落時給我的提醒。
[29] Thucydides, War of the Peloponnesians and the Athenians, trans. Mynott, 212n1.
[30] Thucydides, Eight Bookes of the Peloponnesian Warre, trans. Hobbes, 198 (i.e.,188).
[31] Loraux, Divided City, 107– 8, 197–213; Ando, Law, Language, and Empire in the Roman Tradition, 3 – 4.
[32] Thucydides, War of the Peloponnesians and the Athenians 4.64, trans. Mynott,273; Loraux, “Oikeios polemos.”
[33] Brunt, Social Conflicts in the Roman Republi; Lintott, Violence in Republican Rome.
[34] 關於tumults和civil war的區別，參見Jal, “‘Tumultus’ et ‘bellum ciuile’ dans les Philippiques de Cicéron”; Grangé, “Tumultus et tumulto”。
[35] Livy, History of Rome 1.7, in Rise of Rome, trans. Luce, 10–11; Wiseman,Remus.
[36] Lucan, Bellum civile 1.95, in Civil War, trans. Braund, 5; also quoted in Augustine, City of God Against the Pagans 15.5, ed. and trans. Dyson, 640.
[37] Beard, SPQR, 73–74.
[38] res publica的含義，參見Lind, “Idea of the Republic and the Foundations of Roman Political Liberty”。
[39] Livy, History of Rome 2.1, in Rise of Rome, 71; Arena, Libertas and the Practice of Politics in the Late Roman Republic.
[40] Raaflaub, Social Struggles in Archaic Rome.
[41] 參見，例如Draper, Dictatorship of the Proletariat, 11–27 (on “dictatorship”);Lekas, Marx on Classical Antiquity; Bonnell, “‘A Very Valuable Book’: Karl Marx and Appian”。馬克思對羅馬內部沖突語言的使用值得進一步研究。
[42] Plutarch, “Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus,” in Roman Lives, trans. Waterfield,98–99, 113–14.
[43] Appian, Civil Wars 1.1–2, trans. Carter, 1; Price, “Thucydidean Stasis and the Roman Empire in Appian’s Interpretation of History.”
[44] Ibid. 1.1–2, trans. Carter, 1–2 (translation amended).
[45] Jal, “‘Hostis (Publicus)’ dans la littérature latine de la fin de la République.”
[46] Flower, “Rome’s First Civil War and the Fragility of Republican Culture,” 75 –78.
[47] Sherwin-White, Roman Citizenship, 40, 264 – 67.
[48] Keaveney, Sulla, 45–50; Seager, “Sulla.”
[49] Raaflaub, “Caesar the Liberator?”
[50] Appian, Civil Wars 1.59 – 60, trans. Carter, 32–33.
[51] Ibid. 1.1, 1.55, trans. Carter,I,30.
第二章 回憶內戰 羅馬願景
[1] 至少根據哲學家Seneca the Elder所保存下來的文本中的話: “Optima civilis belli defensio oblivio est.” Seneca, Controversiae 10.3.5, quoted in Gowing,Empire and Memory, 82. 近來歷史學家Josiah Osgood建議就羅馬而言，“最好的防禦就是漸漸忘記”。Osgood, “Ending Civil War at Rome,” 1689. 更多請參見Flower, Art of Forgetting。
[2] Caesar, Civil War 2.29, 3.1, ed. and trans. Damon, 166, 192; Francis W. Kelsey, “Title of Caesar’s Work on the Gallic and Civil Wars,” 230; Batstone and Damon, Caesar’s “Civil War,” 8–9, 31–32; Brown, “The Terms Bellum Sociale and Bellum Civile in the Late Republic,” 113 –18.
[3] Caesar, Civil War 1.22, ed. and trans. Damon, 35; Raaflaub, Dignitatis contentio.
[4] 近期關於愷撒渡過盧比孔河的著作，參見Wyke, Caesar, 66 – 89, 263 – 66。
[5] Appian, Civil Wars 2.35, trans. Carter, 88; Plutarch, Caesar 32, in Roman Lives, trans.Waterfield, 328–39. 這句名言通常都引用自Suetonius的拉丁語原文: “Iacta alea est.” Suetonius, The Deified Julius32, in Suetonius, trans. Rolfe, 1:76.
[6] Suetonius, Deified Julius 31–32, in Suetonius, trans. Rolfe, 1:74 –77; Lucan,Bellum civile (1.190 –92, 225 –27), in Civil War, trans. Braund, 8, 9.
[7] heuzé, “Comment peindre le passage du Rubicon?”
[8] Caesar, Civil War 1.8, ed. and trans. Damon, 15.
[9] Bonaparte, Précis des guerres de Jules César, 97–98 (“En passant le Rubicon,César avait déclaré la guerre civile et bravé les anathèmes prononcés contre les généraux qui passeraient en armes le Rubicon: ils étaient voués aux dieux infernaux”); Poignault, “Napoleon Ier et Napoleon III lecteurs de Jules César,”329 –36.
[10] Brown, “Terms Bellum Sociale and Bellum Civile in the Late Re public,” 104.